… different social rank exposed to a concentration of ammonia that … These disturbances in
social behavior and associated … in fast start performance in ammonia-exposed brown trout. This …

… and social interaction were used for behavioral analysis, and … 7.0 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen
was lower than 0.10 mg/L, and … the main factor affecting fish feeding behavior compared with …

… on the growth efficiency of individuals [71]. Alteration of the … Ammonia can affect social
interactions as well by altering dominance relationships, hierarchical dynamics, and predator-prey …

… (eg visual cues, food, predators and conspecifics) were absent. … This means that,
instantaneously, the frontal area exposed to … from specialised performance-enhancing behaviours …

… sublethal ammonia exposure can change social behavior of … A study in brown trout showed
that ammonia accumulation in … and reduced the swimming performance (Beaumont et al., …

… from pathogens and parasites to competitors and predators. … The excreted ammonia is
usually rapidly diluted to non-toxic … Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., brown trout Salmo trutta L. …

… In this study, brown trout Salmo trutta fry were reared at 5 … (82.8 ± 9.8%); ammonia and nitrite
concentrations were lower … will increase the risk of predation in brown trout. An increase in …

… Social interactions, predation behaviors, and fast-start performance were affected by
ammonia exposure in brown … We hypothesized that (1) ammonia exposure can cause adverse …

… and brown trout Salmo trutta fario L. are species of high … , seasons or daytime as well as prey
availability are seen as main … solution is in equilibrium with free ammonia (NH 3 ). Rising pH …

… after ammonia exposure, indicating that ammonia exposure … fast-start performance and
predation behaviors were also affected by ammonia exposure in the brown trout Salmo trutta…